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An Approach For Gender Classification - 2480 Words

Abstract— In this paper, an approach for gender classification is carried out combining frontal face images, Haar cascades, Histogram of Oriented Gradients and Support Vector Machines. The comparison of the existing methods that delves into the effects of Haar Cascade Classifier and Histogram of Oriented Gradients(HOG) for Face Detection and the use of Support Vector Machines(SVM) for Gender Classification. A database of 2-D facial images was used, consisting of individual as well as group photographs. These images were used in face detection by Haar classifier and HOG and the results were compared at the end. Further, the detected faces were used to extract primary features on a face, such as, nose, eyes, lips, chin. Feature Extraction is used to calculate ratios, which differ for a Male and a Female. SVM uses these ratios in training and therefore classifying gender. Success ratio for HOG is found to be more than Haar Classifier and high accuracy is achievable with SVM. Keywords— Face Detection, Gender Classification, Haar, HOG, SVM 1. INTRODUCTION This paper presents novel approach to classifying gender from frontal facial images. Gender classification is one of the focuses of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) problem and has many potential applications. When we communicate with other people we process information about the person, such as the expression, gender, ethnicity and age. We hope human machine communication could flow more freely if the computer can comprehendShow MoreRelatedDefinition And Application Of Pattern961 Words   |  4 Pagesalready been in uses which are based on the pattern recognitions. The objective of this review paper is to summarize and compare some of the well-known methods and application used in pattern recognition system. Keywords- Pattern recognition, classification, clustering, machine learning, error estimation, neural networks. 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As more and more users are creating their own content on Facebook, there is a growing interest to mine this data for use in personalized information accessRead MoreStereotypical Portrayal Of Homosexuals And The Homophobia Towards Homosexuals1656 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"politics of disgust,† Nussbaum believes that homosexual couples should be given suspect classification unlike the Lawrence v. Texas case that agreed that there was an â€Å"achievement moral imagination,† the case did not possess great â€Å"conceptual clarity† because gays and lesbians were treated as equal citizens instead of a â€Å"class of outlaws† (Nussbaum, 89; Lawrence). Labeling sexual orientation as a â€Å"suspect classification† will allow groups that have been discriminated, powerless in the political realmRead MoreRisk Building Blocks and Gender Differences: An Analysis650 Words   |  3 PagesRisks Building Blocks The four risk building blocks are discovery, measurement, classification, and prioritization (Miller, 2006). Discovery identifies all the components necessary to ensure risk management programs are effective, including technology infracture, users of it, information assets, and processes. Measurement is assessing capabilities and requirements (compliance, service agreements, and information availability), vulnerabilities (including weaknesses in applications, networks, operationsRead MoreThe Importance Of Textual Technology907 Words   |  4 Pagesable to break 70% classification accuracy by using a bag-of-words model, and 10-fold cross-validation with Naive Bayes and SVM (support vector machine).Cardieet. al. Using a combination of LIWC, bigram and unigram features, they were capable to achieve 89.8% classification accuracy using 5- fold cross validation with linear SVM on written textual data [5] . Another study by (Ben Verhoeven WalterDaelemans, in 2014) designed to serve multiple purposes: disclosure of age, gender, authorship, personalityRead MoreA Critical Textual Analysis : Feminine Identity And The Essentialistic Ideas Of The Late Nineteenth Century Between Men And1286 Words   |  6 Pagesessentialistic ideas of the late nineteenth century between men and women as elaborated by Kaplan and Rogers in â€Å"Essentialisms, Determinisms. It will include an analysis of theories regarding dichotomies of biological determinism and cranial classification. Essentialism argues that there are categories of objects and genres that have essential characteristics, notwithstanding individual variation, and that these essential characteristics define the objects and genres to an extent that they revealRead MoreAffirmative Action Is A Policy1013 Words   |  5 PagesWhen President John F. Kennedy originally introduced affirmative action in 1961, however it was mainly focused on just employment. I will speak on how affirmative action has now worked its way into the education system and how it specifically affects gender equality. President John F. Kennedy gave Executive Order 109625 in 1961 and it stated that â€Å".... The contractor will take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard toRead MoreThe Principles And Practices Of Differential Diagnosis Of Speech Sound Disorders And The Possible Models Used1421 Words   |  6 PagesDifferential Diagnosis and Treatment of Children With Speech Disorder, 2005) These are just a few of the people who come under the theoretical umbrella term of ‘Speech Disorder’. Speech Disorders can be classified in many different ways. Each ‘model’ of classification focuses on a different aspect of speech such as the speech-processing chain model or criteria for the identification of speech disorder (Broomfield Dodd, 2004, cited in Dodd 2005). Although, the most commonly used system in clinical settings

A Stakeholder In A Pharmaceutical Organization Commerce Essay Example For Students

A Stakeholder In A Pharmaceutical Organization Commerce Essay A stakeholder in a pharmaceutical organisation is an single or a group of people with one common end and involvement towards the ownership and activities of the organisation ( Daft, 2011 ) . In a general organisational apparatus, stakeholders can be divided into two classs, the primary stakeholder and the secondary stakeholder. The primary stakeholders have the extreme duty in a company. They include the company providers, consumers utilizing the company s pharmaceutical merchandise, the medical research institute, employees working in the organisation and the company stockholders. The primary stakeholders form the basic cardinal foundation towards a company s success or failure because of their engagement in the direct economical state of affairs. The secondary stakeholders do non hold an built-in portion in the economic procedure but they are every bit utile as the primary stakeholders are. These include the authorities, trade brotherhoods, the media, and political parties and acti on groups ( Hellriegel, Jackson A ; Slocum, 2007 ) . In footings of direction, holding an organisation run by persons can ensue to the greed and abuse of fundss. Harmonizing to research carried out, about 60 nine per centum of corporate executives do non see the general populace s best involvement while doing determinations and another 90 four per centum of corporate executives make their determinations foremost and foremost on the foundation of doing an promotion in their ain line of concern ( Daft, 2011 ) . In modern companies, there are two signifiers of ownership. The ownership theory of a company is one signifier of ownership. Here an single owns the company. The exclusive intent of the company is to do great net incomes over the old ages with its stakeholder s involvements at bosom. The stakeholder theory of ownership is the other signifier of company ownership. This theory argues that such companies have the exclusive duty of advancing good work moralss and make value for the society. Even though the stakeholder theory purposes at doing net incomes, it should endeavor to guarantee it creates a beginning of income for others particularly the big community. Outline1 Corporate stakeholders and respond to their issues2 Corporate direction3 Regulatory Institutions4 Selling5 Research and Development6 End User7 The function of the industry in its economic, political and societal scene8 Economic function9 Social function10 Political function11 Domestic and international moralss12 Ecological and natural resources13 Social issues14 Rating pharmaceutical companies associating to Social issues15 Pharmaceutical companies overall public presentation in conformity with the nucleus values of Saint Leo University Corporate stakeholders and respond to their issues Corporate direction Stakeholders in a pharmaceutical company are divided into phases. The first phase of stakeholders includes the cardinal direction of the company like the corporate executives, selling, and the leaders who offer their sentiment sing the pharmaceutical industry like the advisers. Their cardinal issue is to set up a growing scheme of the company, enhance transparence, and pull off possible injury towards stakeholders and the society and codification of moralss among the assorted sections in the company ( Kolb A ; Schwartz, 2009 ) . Since the community and the pharmaceutical company are interdependent, the chief intent of the company is to keep and accommodate to the corporate societal duty ( Hellriegel, Jackson A ; Slocum, 2007 ) . A good illustration is the hazards involved when it comes to patients and drugs. An ideal direction in a pharmaceutical company would see the proviso of drugs, which will assist increase opportunities of survival alternatively of seeking to avoid patient ha zard. Regulatory Institutions The 2nd 3rd phase of pharmaceutical stakeholders includes the regulative establishments. Regulative establishments are establishments that take portion in guaranting the drugs that have been manufactured are of the right quality, and manufactured as per the stipulated authorization and drug fabrication demands ( Freeman, Velamuri A ; Moriarty, 2006 ) . When a drug has been developed and it meets the demands of the relevant drug regulative organic structure, it obtains license for ingestion by the society. A regulative stakeholder is of great importance particularly in the society. It helps forestall the sale of medical specialty, which is of low quality or medical specialty sold by pharmaceutical companies that can be damaging to one s wellness. The regulative organic structures are besides responsible in publicity of manufactured drugs to the market and in the procedure, they help act upon the company s investings and expertness. The regulative establishments act as advisers sing d rug related issues. Selling The 3rd phase of pharmaceutical stakeholder involves the selling squad in the company. Marketing pharmaceutical drugs require good advertisement accomplishments and sufficient consumer research. Using the usage of strategic selling is appealing and attracts the terminal user. This method besides helps in covering with companies that produce similar drugs known as Me-Too drugs. Me-Too drugs have similar chemical compound to the bing drug and they perform similar action public presentation towards one s organic structure. Good selling scheme of the pharmaceutical organisation will guarantee the echt drug that has been produced is sold at a reasonably sensible monetary value and kerb competition from other companies ( Freeman, Velamuri A ; Moriarty, 2006 ) . Research and Development Another of import stakeholder in this phase is the squad that takes portion in research and development of a pharmaceutical drug. The biopharmaceutical research and industry paves manner to detecting new and efficient drugs ( Babler, 2011 ) . Past medical research has been conducted on traditional medical results and redresss so regarded as a find. Due to overhaul biological engineering, research has focused on understanding the different diseases and how they affect the human immune system. This extended research has besides led to finds of how to pull strings the human organic structure in a command to antagonize the disease without damaging the cells inside one s system ( Babler, 2011 ) . Through research, development of new drugs has become possible. As stakeholders in the pharmaceutical industry, scientists who carry out biopharmaceutical research with the aid of physicians, chemists and regulative experts work together to guarantee there is the successful development of a drug and it has been approved for ingestion ( Babler, 2011 ) . This helps in supplying a clean beginning of intervention to the society. End User The terminal user is the 4th phase of pharmaceutical stakeholder ship. This includes the general populace, patients, wellness suppliers, wellness related establishments and the authorities. The physicians and infirmaries as the wellness suppliers guarantee that sanctioned drugs manufactured and sold by the pharmaceutical companies are put to the right usage. Certain drugs like morphia are habit-forming and if misused, they could turn to be unsafe and deadly therefore the demand to be under control. It is merely the medical practician who is in a place to administrate usage of such pharmaceutical drugs. The authorities has a major function to play in the pharmaceutical industry. One of its nucleus functions is the support of research and development of medical related devices ( Babler, 2011 ) . They help in making inducements for smaller pharmaceutical companies so that they may come up with an independent research on new patent drugs. The authorities through the Food and Drug Administration is besides responsible for blessing of safe drugs that are effectual ( Williams, Gabe A ; Davis, 2009 ) . The authorities through the Congress is responsible for coming up with rigorous steps sing the industry of drugs and fraud related instances by pharmaceutical companies ( Williams, Gabe A ; Davis, 2009 ) . The function of the industry in its economic, political and societal scene Economic function In the society, a concern endeavor is the basic unit of the economic system ( Daft, 2011 ) . The pharmaceutical company being a concern establishment produces goods for ingestion and services excessively. These goods and services are indispensable for a society s good being because the drugs are used to handle assorted diseases that affect persons. In the procedure, the company strives in front and maximise its net incomes for the company s stockholders and squad members. This in bend improves the economic system of the state since the workers earn a life, the authorities revenue enhancements are paid and other stakeholders including the society benefit from the company. An illustration includes the Pfizer pharmaceutical company, one of the largest drug related companies, which is involved in offering grants and scholarships to institutional based health care installations. They are besides involved in scholarship plans with the neediest persons in the society therefore doing them be tter persons ( Williams, Gabe A ; Davis, 2009 ) . Over the old old ages, the American pharmaceutical companies are doing such enormous mileposts in footings of economic development as compared to other fabricating related companies ( National Academies Press, 2012 ) . When it comes to monetary value ordinance of drug in the society, the pharmaceutical company plays an of import function. With the outgrowth of new pharmaceutical companies, the drug industry has become competitory to the extent of the being of market power in the economic system because of the production of patent drugs ( Danzon, 2006 ) . In the American wellness attention, insurance companies have taken a major function in guaranting the American citizens get the needed medical intervention at a subsidised monetary value. This move has enabled the pharmaceutical companies to take down the monetary values of their drugs to accommodate the demands of the American economic society. In add-on, the pharmaceutical companies have resulted to turn to the economic issues of the society through developing drugs that have the same consequence as the patent drug known as me excessively and so repackaging into similar measures but in different sachets or economic friendly containers so as to accommodate the fiscal capablenesss of the bulk in the society. At the same clip, this move boosts the corporate gross revenues due to the addition in market demand. Price ordinance in a state affects the handiness of drugs in the state every bit good as other states Rosa parks EssayBecause clinical test in other states has become popular with pharmaceutical companies, worldwide wellness organisations have come together in a command to procure the hereafter of the participants taking portion in the clinical test and every bit good to protect their human rights. The United Nations and the World Health Organization are among the international human rights bureaus that have steered the run ( Lee, 2010 ) . The ends of these organisations are to guarantee the better protection of the test participant s wellness and human rights. The other end of these organisations is to guarantee that the pharmaceutical companies inform their participants about the hazards and benefits that come about with the research on the new drug. The pharmaceutical company ought to inform the test patients that as per the wellness attention ordinances, one ought to see the wellness deductions before embarking into such undertakings, and it should be an person s free will to t ake part in such research ( Lee, 2010 ) . Ecological and natural resources Pharmaceutical companies in a command to conserve their environment, they have become really active and in the procedure, accomplishing really impressive consequences. One manner is by ordaining rigorous regulations and ordinances sing the environmental preservation. Prolonging an ecological system in conformity to the works and carnal life becomes a stepping-stone in bettering the environment ( Berry A ; RondJnelli, 2000 ) . Even though the sums of waste produced by pharmaceutical corporations are undistinguished as compared to the other transnational corporations, they still play an of import function in environmental stewardship ( Berry A ; RondJnelli, 2000 ) . With an organisation s growing, there comes the demand to cover with certain environmental concerns including dirt and H2O pollution. This helps in conserving the ecology from taint and extinction. Global heating has caused so many jobs because of pollution and as per the Environmental bureaus directives, legion pharmace utical companies have introduced new and clean fabrication processes that cut down waste production and minimise the negative ecological impact. Taking a expression into the pharmaceutical companies, they consist of other subordinate concerns that are involved in fabrication, processing and explicating the medicative chemicals in pharmaceutical merchandises that can be consumed readily. The procedure of change overing the botanical merchandises into pulverization signifier and the explicating them into capsules, suspension or unctions can be really hazardous to the environment. Another thing about pharmaceutical companies is that they tend to concentrate on two major countries of human research that is in vitro and in vivo ( Berry A ; RondJnelli, 2000 ) . The pharmaceutical merchandises that are produced include vaccinums, human and carnal blood derived functions, blood plasma, and the anatoxins ( Berry A ; RondJnelli, 2000 ) . The procedure of fabricating such merchandises in this sector of research tends to be unsafe because of the radioactive, biological and chemical wastes they produce, which have inauspicious environme ntal impacts ( Berry A ; RondJnelli, 2000 ) . Harmonizing to research carried out by the transnational wellness attention corporations, rather a figure of these organisations have realized that their company installations can do environmental pollution and be damaging to the safety and wellness of their primary stakeholders ( Berry A ; RondJnelli, 2000 ) . An environment that has been polluted by commercial activities can take down the quality of life in such countries the organisation is located and being a luck five hundred company, they tend to endure a batch of fiscal losingss in the procedure. Adopting the Environmental Management Systems, EMS is the other manner the pharmaceutical companies have taken an built-in portion in safeguarding the natural and ecological resources. These direction systems comply with the International Organization for Standardization s ( ISO ) 14000 usher that advocates the decrease of waste merchandises and the negative environmental debasement by a pharmaceutical company as a consequence of the procedures related to fabrication and production ( Berry A ; RondJnelli, 2000 ) . The cardinal elements of an ISO 14000 Environmental Management Systems are ; aˆ? To specify the available public policies sing direction of the environment, aˆ? An organisation s chiseled assignment towards direction of the environment, aˆ? Management plans turn toing a concern and its relation to the environment in the company s public presentation programs, aˆ? Process of reexamining the direction in order to hold a uninterrupted environmental public presentation and betterment, and aˆ? Programs that ease the work of measurement, measuring auditing, and describing the public presentation consequences of environmental direction. Social issues As a consequence of making consciousness and bettering the planetary criterions, there was a demand for the regulative boards concerned with the pharmaceutical companies to come together and standardise the safety ordinances and quality associated with consumers so as to supply safe and quality merchandises expeditiously ( Castner, Hayes A ; Shankle, 2007 ) . Different states came together under their assorted wellness attention organisations to organize standardised wellness attention measures particularly in turn toing pharmaceutical companies and their function in production of drugs. The International Conference on Harmonization, ICH was a organic structure created by several states in order to stand for the regulative organisations and industries that deal with transporting out research ( Castner, Hayes A ; Shankle, 2007 ) . The pharmaceutical companies while turn toing the emerging planetary issues are seeking to try their engagement in the concern industry by coming up with criterions that guarantee the safety of the merchandise. The bulk of these organisations are turn toing incumbent societal norms towards achieving a sustainable society. This boosts their trust among the society further in add-on to being successful companies in the yesteryear ( Castner, Hayes A ; Shankle, 2007 ) . Rating pharmaceutical companies associating to Social issues While evaluation the pharmaceutical companies, I think they are in a better place to accomplish more in making consciousness and bettering planetary criterions. Numerous states are nescient about the new regulations and ordinances environing wellness attention. Alternatively of pharmaceutical companies taking advantage of them like the manner a bulk of such companies are making, they ought to educate them and do them conversant about the current social activities and edify such communities about the guidelines of carry oning clinical trials. Pharmaceutical companies should organize partnerships with authorities bureaus in the underdeveloped universe to come up with schemes of affecting them non merely as lab rats but as of import stakeholders in the procedure of developing medicative drugs at the least environmental debasement. Pharmaceutical companies overall public presentation in conformity with the nucleus values of Saint Leo University Saint Leo University is a Catholic University, and it upholds high degrees of unity in footings of accomplishing their nucleus values and aims. The pharmaceutical companies ought to emulate the values set aside in attainment of the stipulated codification of moralss in the workplace. In my sentiment, pharmaceutical companies have strived greatly in accomplishing the same nucleus values like Saint Leo University. aˆ? Excellence: In footings of excellence, pharmaceutical companies have made a enormous milepost in the find of drugs that can assist in bring arounding diseases particularly the malignant diseases like malignant neoplastic disease, and HIV and AIDS. aˆ? Community: Pharmaceutical companies have strived hard to guarantee there is mutuality between the company and its stakeholders while come oning to doing medical finds. They encourage the spirit of belonging among their staff members and the society. aˆ? Respect: By esteeming the environment, the pharmaceutical companies have attained the esteem and trust by the society. In assisting conserve the environment, the companies have helped to work out a immense threat to the society. aˆ? Responsible stewardship: Stewardship is the act of following something and having it. The command by pharmaceutical companies in having their society and conserving it ensures they have maximal optimisation of the available resources but at minimum environmental and resource depletion. aˆ? Integrity: Pharmaceutical companies have created trust and honestness among the company stakeholders and stockholders. Bing transparent in the fiscal aims has been a stepping rock in carry throughing its ends and duties. Constructing company- social trust ensures unity excessively.

How to promote Nutrition in Dementia Patients- Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Describe about the Promoting Nutrition in Dementia Patients for A Literature Review. Answer: Introduction Dementia is a mental condition that considerably hinders the daily life of individuals. This clinical condition is manifested by the complications like impaired memory, communication problem, inattentiveness, disturbance in visual perception and reasoning. Dementia develops with mental deterioration and factors like diet and exercise extend considerable influence on the progression of this disease among the affected individuals. Elderly people are the greatest victims of dementia and their mental condition deteriorates due to nutritional inadequacies that require the earliest mitigation for normalizing their lives across the community environment. This literature review explores the nutritional causes of dementia and identifies the evidence-based dietary interventions for effectively treating the clinical manifestations of this complex mental condition. The requirement of enhancing the nutritional status of the demented patients emphasized throughout the length of the literature revi ew in the context of improving their quality of life and mental health outcomes. The literature review effectively explores the pattern of relationship between the quality of life of demented patients and their nutritional requirements in the context of formulating appropriate dietary interventions for mitigating the intensity of their mental symptoms. The focus of this literature review attributes to the exploration of nutritional strategies while including various macronutrients and micronutrients in the diet of the demented patients for reducing the intensity of their cognitive decline. The literature review further explores the therapeutic benefits of vitamins E, B and C and other antioxidants in the context of improving the mental health outcomes of the individuals affected with the pattern of dementia. The literature review focuses on the requirement of developing behavioural and feeding interventions for the demented patients in reducing their feeding dependency and associate d pattern of undernutrition and weight loss experienced by them across the community environment. The literature review also emphasizes the requirement of the effective modification of the mealtime environment of the elderly individuals in the context of reducing their predisposition towards the development of dementia and its associated mental manifestations. Literature Search Strategy This literature search utilized CINAHL database because of its comprehensive attributes and wide utilization by the research community. The search term nutrition in dementia generated 24, 567 results and therefore, Boolean settings were utilized for incorporating multiple keywords like Dementia prevention, nutritional causes of dementia and dementia prophylaxis while searching for the relevant peer reviewed articles matching with the subject of study. Filters were applied to effectively segregate the primary research articles with the secondary ones in the context of their inclusion in the literature review. Indeed, 34 research studies qualified the requirements of the subject of interest in accordance with the credibility findings, bias, confounding factors and study theme. NMC code of conduct and Anglia Ruskin University portal was utilized in searching the evidence based content matching with the theme of the study. Dementia - The Nutritional Context The research findings by (Rossor et al., 2010) indicate dementia as a major public health concern that affects individuals with their age advancement. The pattern of dementia adversely affects the cognitive as well as occupational functioning of the affected patients. This disease influences the patients of age range 30 65 years; however, the prevalence of the disease recorded among the elderly individuals. The findings by (Swaminathan Jicha, 2014) indicate the sustained deficiency of caprylic acid as one of the several causes of the development of Alzheimers dementia in aged people. Therefore, treatment strategies for dementia patients require the administration of medical food and dietary regimen for accomplishing their nutritional deficits in the context of mitigating the symptoms of memory, reasoning, judgment and communication impairment (Swaminathan Jicha, 2014). Evidence-based research literature advocates the high predisposition of the obese and malnourished individuals in terms of developing the patterns of Alzheimers dementia and associated psychosocial manifestations (Hu et al., 2013). Memory loss among the demented patients might occur due to thiamine deficiency arising from malnutrition (Ghosh, 2010). The deficiency of vitamin B 12 in co-morbid states like celiac disease and pernicious anemia leads to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms that deteriorate the mental health status of the demented patients (Ghosh, 2010). Research findings by (Thaipisuttikul Galvin, 2012) indicate the attribution of metabolic deficiencies in the causation of Alzheimers dementia among the predisposed patients. These deficiencies arise because of dietary mismanagement and nutritional abnormalities among the affected patients. Nutritional inappropriateness also contributes to the development of memory decline and communication deficits among demented patients (Copped et al., 2012). Nutritional deficiencies during the early age facilitate the age related degen eration of human brain. Therefore, the sustained nutritional deficits among the elderly individuals increase their predisposition towards the development of dementia and its associated manifestations. Evidence based research literature reveals the elevated risk of malnutrition among the patients affected with senile dementia and associated psychosocial manifestations (Volkert et al., 2015). This nutritional decline adversely influences the cognitive ability of elderly patients that deteriorates further due to the inappropriate dietary patterns and nutritional management strategies. The sustained deficits of micronutrients and vitamins C and E increase the oxidative stress in the brain that resultantly deteriorates the cognitive, learning and communication abilities of the demented patients (Santos et al., 2014). The research findings by (Polidori Schulz, 2014) indicate the attribution of a defective antioxidant defense mechanism in the causation of dementia among individuals of va rious age groups. Various dietary vitamins and minerals are responsible for maintaining the antioxidant defense mechanism in the human body and therefore their sustained deficiency considerably increases the predisposition of individuals in terms of developing dementia and its associated clinical manifestations. The deficiency in -carotene also deteriorates the cognitive performance and extends detrimental effects on the pattern of dementia among the affected individuals (Polidori Schulz, 2014). The inappropriate administration of the selective serotonin uptake inhibitors inhibits the calcium uptake that resultantly elevates the risk of the individuals in terms of developing mental health problem (Rao et al., 2008)s. Similarly, the deficiency of chromium leads to the development of mental health issues in the affected individuals. The deficiencies of the nutrients like iodine, iron, lithium, selenium and zinc also promote the establishment of mental complications like dementia and other psychosocial conditions (Rao et al., 2008). The findings by (Gu Scarmeas, 2011) indicate the lack of consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts as the significant cause of the development of dementia and associated cognitive deficit. The evidence-based analysis by (Ramesh et al., 2010) reveals the high intake of alcohol and saturated fatty acids as one of the important causes of dementia and its cognitive manifestations. Similarly, the sustained deficiency of the methionine-rich proteins promotes the development of dementia and age associated learning and cognitive disabilities among the affected individuals. The adverse eating behavior of the demented individuals creates nutritional imbalance that further deteriorate their cognitive and mental conditions (Ramesh et al., 2010). The clinical findings in (Wald et al., 2011) indicate the attribution of the high levels of homocysteine in the establishment of dementia patterns among the elderly population. The elevated le vel of folate and vitamin 12 along the with the high level of homocysteine increase the risk of the elderly patients in terms of developing Dementia and associated communication deficits (University_of_Oxford, 2007). Dementia Prevention through Nutrition Promotion The research findings by (Canevelli et al., 2016) reveal the potential advantages of various dietary interventions in terms of elevating the neuropsychological test scores of the demented patients. The Mediterranean diet including the mixed nuts and virgin olive oil assists the demented people in terms of enhancing the level of their cognition and memory (Canevelli et al., 2016). The inclusion of antioxidants in the diet of elderly individuals facilitates the reduction in inflammation that reciprocally reduces the scope of dementia establishment among the predisposed people (Middleton Yaffe, 2009). The administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids through vegetables, fruits and fish decreases the risk of individuals of various age groups in terms of developing dementia and associated cognitive decline (Middleton Yaffe, 2009). Research findings by (Dacks et al., 2014) advocate the significance of the pattern of daily walking and administration of the Mediterranean diet in terms of f acilitating loss of weight among demented patients affected with obesity. Indeed, the administration of these integrated techniques assists in improving the quality of life as well as mental health outcomes of the demented patients. The evidence-based findings by (Eskelinen Kivipelto, 2010) advocate the likelihood of the beneficial effects of caffeine administration on the mental health of individuals. Antioxidant capacity and other potential health advantages of caffeine require further exploration in the context of developing prophylactic interventions for reducing the establishment of dementia (Eskelinen Kivipelto, 2010). Dementia in elderly patients is manifested by the accumulation of amyloid and tangles in the necrotic region of the human brain. The modification in the dietary habits of demented patients assists in reversing this abnormal accumulation leading to their subsequent reduction in cognitive decline and memory deterioration (Solomon et al., 2014). Evidence based r esearch literature describes coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, lipid problems and arteriosclerosis as the significant causes of vascular dementia among the elderly people (McVeigh Passmore, 2006). Research findings by (Asif, 2014) advocate the requirement of administering cereals, nuts and fruits for enhancing the accumulation of dietary fibers and polyphenols that prevent the pattern of weight gain and assists in controlling the level of blood glucose in the diabetic patients. The reduction in blood glucose level resultantly reduces the predisposition of diabetic patients towards developing dementia and its associated mental health issues. The clinical findings in (Solfrizzi et al., 2011) reveal the protective effect of milk and dairy products in preventing the onset and establishment of dementia manifestations among the predisposed individuals. The evidence-based findings by (Wu et al., 2015) indicate the attribution of omega 3 fatty acids in the causation of dementia among the elderly individuals. Therefore, increased intake of omega 3 fatty acids through diet decreases the likelihood of aged people in terms of acquiring dementia and its clinical complications. Evidence-based findings by (Copped et al., 2012) indicate the positive implications of the concomitant administration of lifestyle and nutritional interventions on the age related cognitive impairment of the individuals. Systematization of dietary intake with the administration of exercise interventions helps in reducing the stress of individuals that eventually decrease the scope of over-nutrition, reduction in physical activity and the establishment of metabolic complications that enhance the likelihood of dementia establishment. The findings by (Copped et al., 2012) also indicate the high level of plasma triglyceride and reduced level of HDL among the demented individuals affected with blood-brain barrier impairment (BBBI). Therefore, the enhancement of HDL component in the diet of th ese patients assists in regularizing their lipid metabolism that significantly influences their mental health outcomes. The research findings by (Hanson et al., 2011) advocate the requirement of administration of oral feeding in demented patients in the context of improving their overall health status. The nurse professionals require the implementation of the NMC code of conduct during the administration of oral feed and should uphold the dignity of the demented patients while extending nutritional management for their health improvement (NMC, 2015). Assisted feeding through intubation might prove painful for the demented patients and predispose them towards the development of gastrointestinal complications. Therefore, the nurse professionals must practice necessary protective measures while administering nutritional support and assistance to the demented patients across the clinical setting. The concomitant administration of multinutrient supplementation and strategies for improvin g the quality of sleep of individuals extends protective effects on their brain that reduces their likelihood of acquiring dementia across the community environment (Yaffe Hoang, 2013). Dementia and Undernutrition/Weight Loss Mechanisms The research findings by (Meijers et al., 2014) indicate the high prevalence of malnutrition among the dementia affected patients. Although, the pattern of weight loss advances with age progression; however, the establishment of dementia facilitates the weight loss mechanisms among the affected patients that prove to be the potential barriers in their care and treatment. Evidence-based research literature advocates the requirement of nutritional intervention for Alzheimer's disease patients who experience the weight loss of more than 5% within tenure of 3 6 months (Droogsma et al., 2015). Furthermore, nutritional assessment proves to be an important tool in determining the undernourished status of demented patients in the context of initiating nutritional management strategies for effectively improving their wellness outcomes. The clinical findings in (Pilleron et al., 2015) reveal the close association of the pattern of cognitive decline in undernutrition status of the demented ind ividuals. The pattern of weight loss caused due to undernutrition reciprocally increases with the dementia stages. This confirms that the severity of dementia manifestations facilitates the progression of weight loss and associated health complications among the affected patients. The pattern of poor nutrition along with alcohol use leads to sustained thiamine deficiency among the demented individuals (Ridley et al., 2013). This thiamine deficiency facilitates the development of cerebellar dysfunction, oculomotor disorders and altered mental status manifested by the pattern of hemorrhagic lesions and neuronal loss during the course of dementia progression. The clinical findings by (Wu Lin, 2015) indicate the potential deterioration in the mealtime performance of the patients in their late stages of dementia. Defective mealtime performance results in nutritional deficiencies among the affected patients that further leads to the progression of their clinical complications. This indic ates the requirement of undertaking memory-training interventions for improving the eating capacity of demented patients. Indeed, improved eating capacity assists the demented patients in terms of overcoming the state of their undernutrition and associated adverse health outcomes. The research findings by (Chow et al., 2009) indicate the pattern of apathy experienced by the demented individuals across the community environment. This apathy results in the development of anorexia and disinterest in feeding leading to undernutrition that adversely influences the cognitive abilities of the affected individuals. The evidence-based findings by (Yildiz et al., 2015) indicate the episodes of hallucinations, delusions, agitation, insomnia, incontinence and immobility experienced by the demented patients under the influence of sustained undernutrition. These adverse episodes further deteriorate the feeding behavior of the affected patients that extends detrimental effects on their metabolic f unctioning and mental health. Strategies for Nutritional Enhancement of Dementia Patients The research findings by (Salv et al., 2011) reveal the reduction in malnutrition risk of the demented patients following the administration of dietary and exercise interventions by trained nutritionists. Research subjects experienced the enhancement of autonomy and nutrition status and reduction in caregiver burden under the influence of the administered dietary approaches. The study by (Bunn et al., 2016) attempted to explore the effects of the interventions like family-style meals, improved the dining room, shared mealtime and enhanced in lightening and aroma of the dining rooms in elevating the nutritional status of the demented patients. The findings of the research study did not reveal concrete evidence regarding the advantages of administered environmental modifications in terms of improving the dietary pattern and nutritional state of the treated patients. However, prospective exploration of strategies highly warranted in the context of understanding their potential for impro ving the nutritional condition of the patients affected with dementia and its adverse mental manifestations. The randomized controlled trial by (Ngandu et al., 2015) attempted to investigate the advantages of the multidomain approaches attributing to cognitive training, dietary interventions, vascular risk monitoring and exercise strategies in terms of preventing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia among elderly patients. The findings of the study revealed the potential of these multidomain strategies for improving the cognitive functioning of the elderly individuals. This also confirms the effective contribution of dietary strategies for improving the mental health of the elderly patients who experience the risk of developing dementia across the community environment. However, prospective studies require execution in the context of exploring the potential of singly administered dietary interventions in improving the mental health status of the demented patients. Conclusion The findings of this literature research evidentially reveal the dietary factors that considerably elevate or decrease the predisposition of individuals towards the development of dementia and its associated mental manifestations. Important dietary constituents like vitamin B complex, vitamins E and C and omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids offer a protective role for the elderly people who experience high risk of developing the pattern of dementia across the community environment. The findings also advocate the requirement of implementing various lifestyle modification strategies including exercise interventions and dietary management approaches for stabilizing the metabolic condition of individuals affected with dementia symptoms. The nurse professionals and other members of the healthcare teams must administer evidence-based feeding interventions to maintain the nutritional status of demented patients in the context of treating their symptoms of memory impairment and cognitive de cline. Undernutrition among demented patients is a significant health concern requiring earliest intervention by nutritionists, physicians and nurses in the context of improving their health and wellness across the community environment. Healthcare professionals need to identify the attribution of the sustained nutritional deficits in the causation of dementia and its clinical manifestations among the predisposed individuals. The role of antioxidant defence mechanisms in improving the mental health status of individuals emphasized throughout the course of literature review. Furthermore, the dietary factors that adversely influence the mental health outcomes of demented patients emphasized and appropriate dietary interventions recommended accordingly for the effective enhancement of their cognition, learning and memory. The weight management as well as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia control strategies through nutritional interventions warranted in the context of decreasing the likelihood of elderly patients affected with BBBI towards the acquisition of dementia and its psychosocial manifestations. Indeed, the nutritional management strategies prove to be the significant tools in improving the mental health of the demented patients; however, the prospective research studies warranted for streamlining the integrated nutritional as well as pharmacotherapeutic approaches for reducing the burden of dementia across the community environment. References Asif, M., 2014. 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