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An Approach For Gender Classification - 2480 Words

Abstract— In this paper, an approach for gender classification is carried out combining frontal face images, Haar cascades, Histogram of Oriented Gradients and Support Vector Machines. The comparison of the existing methods that delves into the effects of Haar Cascade Classifier and Histogram of Oriented Gradients(HOG) for Face Detection and the use of Support Vector Machines(SVM) for Gender Classification. A database of 2-D facial images was used, consisting of individual as well as group photographs. These images were used in face detection by Haar classifier and HOG and the results were compared at the end. Further, the detected faces were used to extract primary features on a face, such as, nose, eyes, lips, chin. Feature Extraction is used to calculate ratios, which differ for a Male and a Female. SVM uses these ratios in training and therefore classifying gender. Success ratio for HOG is found to be more than Haar Classifier and high accuracy is achievable with SVM. Keywords— Face Detection, Gender Classification, Haar, HOG, SVM 1. INTRODUCTION This paper presents novel approach to classifying gender from frontal facial images. Gender classification is one of the focuses of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) problem and has many potential applications. When we communicate with other people we process information about the person, such as the expression, gender, ethnicity and age. We hope human machine communication could flow more freely if the computer can comprehendShow MoreRelatedDefinition And Application Of Pattern961 Words   |  4 Pagesalready been in uses which are based on the pattern recognitions. The objective of this review paper is to summarize and compare some of the well-known methods and application used in pattern recognition system. Keywords- Pattern recognition, classification, clustering, machine learning, error estimation, neural networks. 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As more and more users are creating their own content on Facebook, there is a growing interest to mine this data for use in personalized information accessRead MoreStereotypical Portrayal Of Homosexuals And The Homophobia Towards Homosexuals1656 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"politics of disgust,† Nussbaum believes that homosexual couples should be given suspect classification unlike the Lawrence v. Texas case that agreed that there was an â€Å"achievement moral imagination,† the case did not possess great â€Å"conceptual clarity† because gays and lesbians were treated as equal citizens instead of a â€Å"class of outlaws† (Nussbaum, 89; Lawrence). Labeling sexual orientation as a â€Å"suspect classification† will allow groups that have been discriminated, powerless in the political realmRead MoreRisk Building Blocks and Gender Differences: An Analysis650 Words   |  3 PagesRisks Building Blocks The four risk building blocks are discovery, measurement, classification, and prioritization (Miller, 2006). Discovery identifies all the components necessary to ensure risk management programs are effective, including technology infracture, users of it, information assets, and processes. Measurement is assessing capabilities and requirements (compliance, service agreements, and information availability), vulnerabilities (including weaknesses in applications, networks, operationsRead MoreThe Importance Of Textual Technology907 Words   |  4 Pagesable to break 70% classification accuracy by using a bag-of-words model, and 10-fold cross-validation with Naive Bayes and SVM (support vector machine).Cardieet. al. Using a combination of LIWC, bigram and unigram features, they were capable to achieve 89.8% classification accuracy using 5- fold cross validation with linear SVM on written textual data [5] . Another study by (Ben Verhoeven WalterDaelemans, in 2014) designed to serve multiple purposes: disclosure of age, gender, authorship, personalityRead MoreA Critical Textual Analysis : Feminine Identity And The Essentialistic Ideas Of The Late Nineteenth Century Between Men And1286 Words   |  6 Pagesessentialistic ideas of the late nineteenth century between men and women as elaborated by Kaplan and Rogers in â€Å"Essentialisms, Determinisms. It will include an analysis of theories regarding dichotomies of biological determinism and cranial classification. Essentialism argues that there are categories of objects and genres that have essential characteristics, notwithstanding individual variation, and that these essential characteristics define the objects and genres to an extent that they revealRead MoreAffirmative Action Is A Policy1013 Words   |  5 PagesWhen President John F. Kennedy originally introduced affirmative action in 1961, however it was mainly focused on just employment. I will speak on how affirmative action has now worked its way into the education system and how it specifically affects gender equality. President John F. Kennedy gave Executive Order 109625 in 1961 and it stated that â€Å".... The contractor will take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard toRead MoreThe Principles And Practices Of Differential Diagnosis Of Speech Sound Disorders And The Possible Models Used1421 Words   |  6 PagesDifferential Diagnosis and Treatment of Children With Speech Disorder, 2005) These are just a few of the people who come under the theoretical umbrella term of ‘Speech Disorder’. Speech Disorders can be classified in many different ways. Each ‘model’ of classification focuses on a different aspect of speech such as the speech-processing chain model or criteria for the identification of speech disorder (Broomfield Dodd, 2004, cited in Dodd 2005). Although, the most commonly used system in clinical settings

A Stakeholder In A Pharmaceutical Organization Commerce Essay Example For Students

A Stakeholder In A Pharmaceutical Organization Commerce Essay A stakeholder in a pharmaceutical organisation is an single or a group of people with one common end and involvement towards the ownership and activities of the organisation ( Daft, 2011 ) . In a general organisational apparatus, stakeholders can be divided into two classs, the primary stakeholder and the secondary stakeholder. The primary stakeholders have the extreme duty in a company. They include the company providers, consumers utilizing the company s pharmaceutical merchandise, the medical research institute, employees working in the organisation and the company stockholders. The primary stakeholders form the basic cardinal foundation towards a company s success or failure because of their engagement in the direct economical state of affairs. The secondary stakeholders do non hold an built-in portion in the economic procedure but they are every bit utile as the primary stakeholders are. These include the authorities, trade brotherhoods, the media, and political parties and acti on groups ( Hellriegel, Jackson A ; Slocum, 2007 ) . In footings of direction, holding an organisation run by persons can ensue to the greed and abuse of fundss. Harmonizing to research carried out, about 60 nine per centum of corporate executives do non see the general populace s best involvement while doing determinations and another 90 four per centum of corporate executives make their determinations foremost and foremost on the foundation of doing an promotion in their ain line of concern ( Daft, 2011 ) . In modern companies, there are two signifiers of ownership. The ownership theory of a company is one signifier of ownership. Here an single owns the company. The exclusive intent of the company is to do great net incomes over the old ages with its stakeholder s involvements at bosom. The stakeholder theory of ownership is the other signifier of company ownership. This theory argues that such companies have the exclusive duty of advancing good work moralss and make value for the society. Even though the stakeholder theory purposes at doing net incomes, it should endeavor to guarantee it creates a beginning of income for others particularly the big community. Outline1 Corporate stakeholders and respond to their issues2 Corporate direction3 Regulatory Institutions4 Selling5 Research and Development6 End User7 The function of the industry in its economic, political and societal scene8 Economic function9 Social function10 Political function11 Domestic and international moralss12 Ecological and natural resources13 Social issues14 Rating pharmaceutical companies associating to Social issues15 Pharmaceutical companies overall public presentation in conformity with the nucleus values of Saint Leo University Corporate stakeholders and respond to their issues Corporate direction Stakeholders in a pharmaceutical company are divided into phases. The first phase of stakeholders includes the cardinal direction of the company like the corporate executives, selling, and the leaders who offer their sentiment sing the pharmaceutical industry like the advisers. Their cardinal issue is to set up a growing scheme of the company, enhance transparence, and pull off possible injury towards stakeholders and the society and codification of moralss among the assorted sections in the company ( Kolb A ; Schwartz, 2009 ) . Since the community and the pharmaceutical company are interdependent, the chief intent of the company is to keep and accommodate to the corporate societal duty ( Hellriegel, Jackson A ; Slocum, 2007 ) . A good illustration is the hazards involved when it comes to patients and drugs. An ideal direction in a pharmaceutical company would see the proviso of drugs, which will assist increase opportunities of survival alternatively of seeking to avoid patient ha zard. Regulatory Institutions The 2nd 3rd phase of pharmaceutical stakeholders includes the regulative establishments. Regulative establishments are establishments that take portion in guaranting the drugs that have been manufactured are of the right quality, and manufactured as per the stipulated authorization and drug fabrication demands ( Freeman, Velamuri A ; Moriarty, 2006 ) . When a drug has been developed and it meets the demands of the relevant drug regulative organic structure, it obtains license for ingestion by the society. A regulative stakeholder is of great importance particularly in the society. It helps forestall the sale of medical specialty, which is of low quality or medical specialty sold by pharmaceutical companies that can be damaging to one s wellness. The regulative organic structures are besides responsible in publicity of manufactured drugs to the market and in the procedure, they help act upon the company s investings and expertness. The regulative establishments act as advisers sing d rug related issues. Selling The 3rd phase of pharmaceutical stakeholder involves the selling squad in the company. Marketing pharmaceutical drugs require good advertisement accomplishments and sufficient consumer research. Using the usage of strategic selling is appealing and attracts the terminal user. This method besides helps in covering with companies that produce similar drugs known as Me-Too drugs. Me-Too drugs have similar chemical compound to the bing drug and they perform similar action public presentation towards one s organic structure. Good selling scheme of the pharmaceutical organisation will guarantee the echt drug that has been produced is sold at a reasonably sensible monetary value and kerb competition from other companies ( Freeman, Velamuri A ; Moriarty, 2006 ) . Research and Development Another of import stakeholder in this phase is the squad that takes portion in research and development of a pharmaceutical drug. The biopharmaceutical research and industry paves manner to detecting new and efficient drugs ( Babler, 2011 ) . Past medical research has been conducted on traditional medical results and redresss so regarded as a find. Due to overhaul biological engineering, research has focused on understanding the different diseases and how they affect the human immune system. This extended research has besides led to finds of how to pull strings the human organic structure in a command to antagonize the disease without damaging the cells inside one s system ( Babler, 2011 ) . Through research, development of new drugs has become possible. As stakeholders in the pharmaceutical industry, scientists who carry out biopharmaceutical research with the aid of physicians, chemists and regulative experts work together to guarantee there is the successful development of a drug and it has been approved for ingestion ( Babler, 2011 ) . This helps in supplying a clean beginning of intervention to the society. End User The terminal user is the 4th phase of pharmaceutical stakeholder ship. This includes the general populace, patients, wellness suppliers, wellness related establishments and the authorities. The physicians and infirmaries as the wellness suppliers guarantee that sanctioned drugs manufactured and sold by the pharmaceutical companies are put to the right usage. Certain drugs like morphia are habit-forming and if misused, they could turn to be unsafe and deadly therefore the demand to be under control. It is merely the medical practician who is in a place to administrate usage of such pharmaceutical drugs. The authorities has a major function to play in the pharmaceutical industry. One of its nucleus functions is the support of research and development of medical related devices ( Babler, 2011 ) . They help in making inducements for smaller pharmaceutical companies so that they may come up with an independent research on new patent drugs. The authorities through the Food and Drug Administration is besides responsible for blessing of safe drugs that are effectual ( Williams, Gabe A ; Davis, 2009 ) . The authorities through the Congress is responsible for coming up with rigorous steps sing the industry of drugs and fraud related instances by pharmaceutical companies ( Williams, Gabe A ; Davis, 2009 ) . The function of the industry in its economic, political and societal scene Economic function In the society, a concern endeavor is the basic unit of the economic system ( Daft, 2011 ) . The pharmaceutical company being a concern establishment produces goods for ingestion and services excessively. These goods and services are indispensable for a society s good being because the drugs are used to handle assorted diseases that affect persons. In the procedure, the company strives in front and maximise its net incomes for the company s stockholders and squad members. This in bend improves the economic system of the state since the workers earn a life, the authorities revenue enhancements are paid and other stakeholders including the society benefit from the company. An illustration includes the Pfizer pharmaceutical company, one of the largest drug related companies, which is involved in offering grants and scholarships to institutional based health care installations. They are besides involved in scholarship plans with the neediest persons in the society therefore doing them be tter persons ( Williams, Gabe A ; Davis, 2009 ) . Over the old old ages, the American pharmaceutical companies are doing such enormous mileposts in footings of economic development as compared to other fabricating related companies ( National Academies Press, 2012 ) . When it comes to monetary value ordinance of drug in the society, the pharmaceutical company plays an of import function. With the outgrowth of new pharmaceutical companies, the drug industry has become competitory to the extent of the being of market power in the economic system because of the production of patent drugs ( Danzon, 2006 ) . In the American wellness attention, insurance companies have taken a major function in guaranting the American citizens get the needed medical intervention at a subsidised monetary value. This move has enabled the pharmaceutical companies to take down the monetary values of their drugs to accommodate the demands of the American economic society. In add-on, the pharmaceutical companies have resulted to turn to the economic issues of the society through developing drugs that have the same consequence as the patent drug known as me excessively and so repackaging into similar measures but in different sachets or economic friendly containers so as to accommodate the fiscal capablenesss of the bulk in the society. At the same clip, this move boosts the corporate gross revenues due to the addition in market demand. Price ordinance in a state affects the handiness of drugs in the state every bit good as other states Rosa parks EssayBecause clinical test in other states has become popular with pharmaceutical companies, worldwide wellness organisations have come together in a command to procure the hereafter of the participants taking portion in the clinical test and every bit good to protect their human rights. The United Nations and the World Health Organization are among the international human rights bureaus that have steered the run ( Lee, 2010 ) . The ends of these organisations are to guarantee the better protection of the test participant s wellness and human rights. The other end of these organisations is to guarantee that the pharmaceutical companies inform their participants about the hazards and benefits that come about with the research on the new drug. The pharmaceutical company ought to inform the test patients that as per the wellness attention ordinances, one ought to see the wellness deductions before embarking into such undertakings, and it should be an person s free will to t ake part in such research ( Lee, 2010 ) . Ecological and natural resources Pharmaceutical companies in a command to conserve their environment, they have become really active and in the procedure, accomplishing really impressive consequences. One manner is by ordaining rigorous regulations and ordinances sing the environmental preservation. Prolonging an ecological system in conformity to the works and carnal life becomes a stepping-stone in bettering the environment ( Berry A ; RondJnelli, 2000 ) . Even though the sums of waste produced by pharmaceutical corporations are undistinguished as compared to the other transnational corporations, they still play an of import function in environmental stewardship ( Berry A ; RondJnelli, 2000 ) . With an organisation s growing, there comes the demand to cover with certain environmental concerns including dirt and H2O pollution. This helps in conserving the ecology from taint and extinction. Global heating has caused so many jobs because of pollution and as per the Environmental bureaus directives, legion pharmace utical companies have introduced new and clean fabrication processes that cut down waste production and minimise the negative ecological impact. Taking a expression into the pharmaceutical companies, they consist of other subordinate concerns that are involved in fabrication, processing and explicating the medicative chemicals in pharmaceutical merchandises that can be consumed readily. The procedure of change overing the botanical merchandises into pulverization signifier and the explicating them into capsules, suspension or unctions can be really hazardous to the environment. Another thing about pharmaceutical companies is that they tend to concentrate on two major countries of human research that is in vitro and in vivo ( Berry A ; RondJnelli, 2000 ) . The pharmaceutical merchandises that are produced include vaccinums, human and carnal blood derived functions, blood plasma, and the anatoxins ( Berry A ; RondJnelli, 2000 ) . The procedure of fabricating such merchandises in this sector of research tends to be unsafe because of the radioactive, biological and chemical wastes they produce, which have inauspicious environme ntal impacts ( Berry A ; RondJnelli, 2000 ) . Harmonizing to research carried out by the transnational wellness attention corporations, rather a figure of these organisations have realized that their company installations can do environmental pollution and be damaging to the safety and wellness of their primary stakeholders ( Berry A ; RondJnelli, 2000 ) . An environment that has been polluted by commercial activities can take down the quality of life in such countries the organisation is located and being a luck five hundred company, they tend to endure a batch of fiscal losingss in the procedure. Adopting the Environmental Management Systems, EMS is the other manner the pharmaceutical companies have taken an built-in portion in safeguarding the natural and ecological resources. These direction systems comply with the International Organization for Standardization s ( ISO ) 14000 usher that advocates the decrease of waste merchandises and the negative environmental debasement by a pharmaceutical company as a consequence of the procedures related to fabrication and production ( Berry A ; RondJnelli, 2000 ) . The cardinal elements of an ISO 14000 Environmental Management Systems are ; aˆ? To specify the available public policies sing direction of the environment, aˆ? An organisation s chiseled assignment towards direction of the environment, aˆ? Management plans turn toing a concern and its relation to the environment in the company s public presentation programs, aˆ? Process of reexamining the direction in order to hold a uninterrupted environmental public presentation and betterment, and aˆ? Programs that ease the work of measurement, measuring auditing, and describing the public presentation consequences of environmental direction. Social issues As a consequence of making consciousness and bettering the planetary criterions, there was a demand for the regulative boards concerned with the pharmaceutical companies to come together and standardise the safety ordinances and quality associated with consumers so as to supply safe and quality merchandises expeditiously ( Castner, Hayes A ; Shankle, 2007 ) . Different states came together under their assorted wellness attention organisations to organize standardised wellness attention measures particularly in turn toing pharmaceutical companies and their function in production of drugs. The International Conference on Harmonization, ICH was a organic structure created by several states in order to stand for the regulative organisations and industries that deal with transporting out research ( Castner, Hayes A ; Shankle, 2007 ) . The pharmaceutical companies while turn toing the emerging planetary issues are seeking to try their engagement in the concern industry by coming up with criterions that guarantee the safety of the merchandise. The bulk of these organisations are turn toing incumbent societal norms towards achieving a sustainable society. This boosts their trust among the society further in add-on to being successful companies in the yesteryear ( Castner, Hayes A ; Shankle, 2007 ) . Rating pharmaceutical companies associating to Social issues While evaluation the pharmaceutical companies, I think they are in a better place to accomplish more in making consciousness and bettering planetary criterions. Numerous states are nescient about the new regulations and ordinances environing wellness attention. Alternatively of pharmaceutical companies taking advantage of them like the manner a bulk of such companies are making, they ought to educate them and do them conversant about the current social activities and edify such communities about the guidelines of carry oning clinical trials. Pharmaceutical companies should organize partnerships with authorities bureaus in the underdeveloped universe to come up with schemes of affecting them non merely as lab rats but as of import stakeholders in the procedure of developing medicative drugs at the least environmental debasement. Pharmaceutical companies overall public presentation in conformity with the nucleus values of Saint Leo University Saint Leo University is a Catholic University, and it upholds high degrees of unity in footings of accomplishing their nucleus values and aims. The pharmaceutical companies ought to emulate the values set aside in attainment of the stipulated codification of moralss in the workplace. In my sentiment, pharmaceutical companies have strived greatly in accomplishing the same nucleus values like Saint Leo University. aˆ? Excellence: In footings of excellence, pharmaceutical companies have made a enormous milepost in the find of drugs that can assist in bring arounding diseases particularly the malignant diseases like malignant neoplastic disease, and HIV and AIDS. aˆ? Community: Pharmaceutical companies have strived hard to guarantee there is mutuality between the company and its stakeholders while come oning to doing medical finds. They encourage the spirit of belonging among their staff members and the society. aˆ? Respect: By esteeming the environment, the pharmaceutical companies have attained the esteem and trust by the society. In assisting conserve the environment, the companies have helped to work out a immense threat to the society. aˆ? Responsible stewardship: Stewardship is the act of following something and having it. The command by pharmaceutical companies in having their society and conserving it ensures they have maximal optimisation of the available resources but at minimum environmental and resource depletion. aˆ? Integrity: Pharmaceutical companies have created trust and honestness among the company stakeholders and stockholders. Bing transparent in the fiscal aims has been a stepping rock in carry throughing its ends and duties. Constructing company- social trust ensures unity excessively.

How to promote Nutrition in Dementia Patients- Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Describe about the Promoting Nutrition in Dementia Patients for A Literature Review. Answer: Introduction Dementia is a mental condition that considerably hinders the daily life of individuals. This clinical condition is manifested by the complications like impaired memory, communication problem, inattentiveness, disturbance in visual perception and reasoning. Dementia develops with mental deterioration and factors like diet and exercise extend considerable influence on the progression of this disease among the affected individuals. Elderly people are the greatest victims of dementia and their mental condition deteriorates due to nutritional inadequacies that require the earliest mitigation for normalizing their lives across the community environment. This literature review explores the nutritional causes of dementia and identifies the evidence-based dietary interventions for effectively treating the clinical manifestations of this complex mental condition. The requirement of enhancing the nutritional status of the demented patients emphasized throughout the length of the literature revi ew in the context of improving their quality of life and mental health outcomes. The literature review effectively explores the pattern of relationship between the quality of life of demented patients and their nutritional requirements in the context of formulating appropriate dietary interventions for mitigating the intensity of their mental symptoms. The focus of this literature review attributes to the exploration of nutritional strategies while including various macronutrients and micronutrients in the diet of the demented patients for reducing the intensity of their cognitive decline. The literature review further explores the therapeutic benefits of vitamins E, B and C and other antioxidants in the context of improving the mental health outcomes of the individuals affected with the pattern of dementia. The literature review focuses on the requirement of developing behavioural and feeding interventions for the demented patients in reducing their feeding dependency and associate d pattern of undernutrition and weight loss experienced by them across the community environment. The literature review also emphasizes the requirement of the effective modification of the mealtime environment of the elderly individuals in the context of reducing their predisposition towards the development of dementia and its associated mental manifestations. Literature Search Strategy This literature search utilized CINAHL database because of its comprehensive attributes and wide utilization by the research community. The search term nutrition in dementia generated 24, 567 results and therefore, Boolean settings were utilized for incorporating multiple keywords like Dementia prevention, nutritional causes of dementia and dementia prophylaxis while searching for the relevant peer reviewed articles matching with the subject of study. Filters were applied to effectively segregate the primary research articles with the secondary ones in the context of their inclusion in the literature review. Indeed, 34 research studies qualified the requirements of the subject of interest in accordance with the credibility findings, bias, confounding factors and study theme. NMC code of conduct and Anglia Ruskin University portal was utilized in searching the evidence based content matching with the theme of the study. Dementia - The Nutritional Context The research findings by (Rossor et al., 2010) indicate dementia as a major public health concern that affects individuals with their age advancement. The pattern of dementia adversely affects the cognitive as well as occupational functioning of the affected patients. This disease influences the patients of age range 30 65 years; however, the prevalence of the disease recorded among the elderly individuals. The findings by (Swaminathan Jicha, 2014) indicate the sustained deficiency of caprylic acid as one of the several causes of the development of Alzheimers dementia in aged people. Therefore, treatment strategies for dementia patients require the administration of medical food and dietary regimen for accomplishing their nutritional deficits in the context of mitigating the symptoms of memory, reasoning, judgment and communication impairment (Swaminathan Jicha, 2014). Evidence-based research literature advocates the high predisposition of the obese and malnourished individuals in terms of developing the patterns of Alzheimers dementia and associated psychosocial manifestations (Hu et al., 2013). Memory loss among the demented patients might occur due to thiamine deficiency arising from malnutrition (Ghosh, 2010). The deficiency of vitamin B 12 in co-morbid states like celiac disease and pernicious anemia leads to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms that deteriorate the mental health status of the demented patients (Ghosh, 2010). Research findings by (Thaipisuttikul Galvin, 2012) indicate the attribution of metabolic deficiencies in the causation of Alzheimers dementia among the predisposed patients. These deficiencies arise because of dietary mismanagement and nutritional abnormalities among the affected patients. Nutritional inappropriateness also contributes to the development of memory decline and communication deficits among demented patients (Copped et al., 2012). Nutritional deficiencies during the early age facilitate the age related degen eration of human brain. Therefore, the sustained nutritional deficits among the elderly individuals increase their predisposition towards the development of dementia and its associated manifestations. Evidence based research literature reveals the elevated risk of malnutrition among the patients affected with senile dementia and associated psychosocial manifestations (Volkert et al., 2015). This nutritional decline adversely influences the cognitive ability of elderly patients that deteriorates further due to the inappropriate dietary patterns and nutritional management strategies. The sustained deficits of micronutrients and vitamins C and E increase the oxidative stress in the brain that resultantly deteriorates the cognitive, learning and communication abilities of the demented patients (Santos et al., 2014). The research findings by (Polidori Schulz, 2014) indicate the attribution of a defective antioxidant defense mechanism in the causation of dementia among individuals of va rious age groups. Various dietary vitamins and minerals are responsible for maintaining the antioxidant defense mechanism in the human body and therefore their sustained deficiency considerably increases the predisposition of individuals in terms of developing dementia and its associated clinical manifestations. The deficiency in -carotene also deteriorates the cognitive performance and extends detrimental effects on the pattern of dementia among the affected individuals (Polidori Schulz, 2014). The inappropriate administration of the selective serotonin uptake inhibitors inhibits the calcium uptake that resultantly elevates the risk of the individuals in terms of developing mental health problem (Rao et al., 2008)s. Similarly, the deficiency of chromium leads to the development of mental health issues in the affected individuals. The deficiencies of the nutrients like iodine, iron, lithium, selenium and zinc also promote the establishment of mental complications like dementia and other psychosocial conditions (Rao et al., 2008). The findings by (Gu Scarmeas, 2011) indicate the lack of consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts as the significant cause of the development of dementia and associated cognitive deficit. The evidence-based analysis by (Ramesh et al., 2010) reveals the high intake of alcohol and saturated fatty acids as one of the important causes of dementia and its cognitive manifestations. Similarly, the sustained deficiency of the methionine-rich proteins promotes the development of dementia and age associated learning and cognitive disabilities among the affected individuals. The adverse eating behavior of the demented individuals creates nutritional imbalance that further deteriorate their cognitive and mental conditions (Ramesh et al., 2010). The clinical findings in (Wald et al., 2011) indicate the attribution of the high levels of homocysteine in the establishment of dementia patterns among the elderly population. The elevated le vel of folate and vitamin 12 along the with the high level of homocysteine increase the risk of the elderly patients in terms of developing Dementia and associated communication deficits (University_of_Oxford, 2007). Dementia Prevention through Nutrition Promotion The research findings by (Canevelli et al., 2016) reveal the potential advantages of various dietary interventions in terms of elevating the neuropsychological test scores of the demented patients. The Mediterranean diet including the mixed nuts and virgin olive oil assists the demented people in terms of enhancing the level of their cognition and memory (Canevelli et al., 2016). The inclusion of antioxidants in the diet of elderly individuals facilitates the reduction in inflammation that reciprocally reduces the scope of dementia establishment among the predisposed people (Middleton Yaffe, 2009). The administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids through vegetables, fruits and fish decreases the risk of individuals of various age groups in terms of developing dementia and associated cognitive decline (Middleton Yaffe, 2009). Research findings by (Dacks et al., 2014) advocate the significance of the pattern of daily walking and administration of the Mediterranean diet in terms of f acilitating loss of weight among demented patients affected with obesity. Indeed, the administration of these integrated techniques assists in improving the quality of life as well as mental health outcomes of the demented patients. The evidence-based findings by (Eskelinen Kivipelto, 2010) advocate the likelihood of the beneficial effects of caffeine administration on the mental health of individuals. Antioxidant capacity and other potential health advantages of caffeine require further exploration in the context of developing prophylactic interventions for reducing the establishment of dementia (Eskelinen Kivipelto, 2010). Dementia in elderly patients is manifested by the accumulation of amyloid and tangles in the necrotic region of the human brain. The modification in the dietary habits of demented patients assists in reversing this abnormal accumulation leading to their subsequent reduction in cognitive decline and memory deterioration (Solomon et al., 2014). Evidence based r esearch literature describes coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, lipid problems and arteriosclerosis as the significant causes of vascular dementia among the elderly people (McVeigh Passmore, 2006). Research findings by (Asif, 2014) advocate the requirement of administering cereals, nuts and fruits for enhancing the accumulation of dietary fibers and polyphenols that prevent the pattern of weight gain and assists in controlling the level of blood glucose in the diabetic patients. The reduction in blood glucose level resultantly reduces the predisposition of diabetic patients towards developing dementia and its associated mental health issues. The clinical findings in (Solfrizzi et al., 2011) reveal the protective effect of milk and dairy products in preventing the onset and establishment of dementia manifestations among the predisposed individuals. The evidence-based findings by (Wu et al., 2015) indicate the attribution of omega 3 fatty acids in the causation of dementia among the elderly individuals. Therefore, increased intake of omega 3 fatty acids through diet decreases the likelihood of aged people in terms of acquiring dementia and its clinical complications. Evidence-based findings by (Copped et al., 2012) indicate the positive implications of the concomitant administration of lifestyle and nutritional interventions on the age related cognitive impairment of the individuals. Systematization of dietary intake with the administration of exercise interventions helps in reducing the stress of individuals that eventually decrease the scope of over-nutrition, reduction in physical activity and the establishment of metabolic complications that enhance the likelihood of dementia establishment. The findings by (Copped et al., 2012) also indicate the high level of plasma triglyceride and reduced level of HDL among the demented individuals affected with blood-brain barrier impairment (BBBI). Therefore, the enhancement of HDL component in the diet of th ese patients assists in regularizing their lipid metabolism that significantly influences their mental health outcomes. The research findings by (Hanson et al., 2011) advocate the requirement of administration of oral feeding in demented patients in the context of improving their overall health status. The nurse professionals require the implementation of the NMC code of conduct during the administration of oral feed and should uphold the dignity of the demented patients while extending nutritional management for their health improvement (NMC, 2015). Assisted feeding through intubation might prove painful for the demented patients and predispose them towards the development of gastrointestinal complications. Therefore, the nurse professionals must practice necessary protective measures while administering nutritional support and assistance to the demented patients across the clinical setting. The concomitant administration of multinutrient supplementation and strategies for improvin g the quality of sleep of individuals extends protective effects on their brain that reduces their likelihood of acquiring dementia across the community environment (Yaffe Hoang, 2013). Dementia and Undernutrition/Weight Loss Mechanisms The research findings by (Meijers et al., 2014) indicate the high prevalence of malnutrition among the dementia affected patients. Although, the pattern of weight loss advances with age progression; however, the establishment of dementia facilitates the weight loss mechanisms among the affected patients that prove to be the potential barriers in their care and treatment. Evidence-based research literature advocates the requirement of nutritional intervention for Alzheimer's disease patients who experience the weight loss of more than 5% within tenure of 3 6 months (Droogsma et al., 2015). Furthermore, nutritional assessment proves to be an important tool in determining the undernourished status of demented patients in the context of initiating nutritional management strategies for effectively improving their wellness outcomes. The clinical findings in (Pilleron et al., 2015) reveal the close association of the pattern of cognitive decline in undernutrition status of the demented ind ividuals. The pattern of weight loss caused due to undernutrition reciprocally increases with the dementia stages. This confirms that the severity of dementia manifestations facilitates the progression of weight loss and associated health complications among the affected patients. The pattern of poor nutrition along with alcohol use leads to sustained thiamine deficiency among the demented individuals (Ridley et al., 2013). This thiamine deficiency facilitates the development of cerebellar dysfunction, oculomotor disorders and altered mental status manifested by the pattern of hemorrhagic lesions and neuronal loss during the course of dementia progression. The clinical findings by (Wu Lin, 2015) indicate the potential deterioration in the mealtime performance of the patients in their late stages of dementia. Defective mealtime performance results in nutritional deficiencies among the affected patients that further leads to the progression of their clinical complications. This indic ates the requirement of undertaking memory-training interventions for improving the eating capacity of demented patients. Indeed, improved eating capacity assists the demented patients in terms of overcoming the state of their undernutrition and associated adverse health outcomes. The research findings by (Chow et al., 2009) indicate the pattern of apathy experienced by the demented individuals across the community environment. This apathy results in the development of anorexia and disinterest in feeding leading to undernutrition that adversely influences the cognitive abilities of the affected individuals. The evidence-based findings by (Yildiz et al., 2015) indicate the episodes of hallucinations, delusions, agitation, insomnia, incontinence and immobility experienced by the demented patients under the influence of sustained undernutrition. These adverse episodes further deteriorate the feeding behavior of the affected patients that extends detrimental effects on their metabolic f unctioning and mental health. Strategies for Nutritional Enhancement of Dementia Patients The research findings by (Salv et al., 2011) reveal the reduction in malnutrition risk of the demented patients following the administration of dietary and exercise interventions by trained nutritionists. Research subjects experienced the enhancement of autonomy and nutrition status and reduction in caregiver burden under the influence of the administered dietary approaches. The study by (Bunn et al., 2016) attempted to explore the effects of the interventions like family-style meals, improved the dining room, shared mealtime and enhanced in lightening and aroma of the dining rooms in elevating the nutritional status of the demented patients. The findings of the research study did not reveal concrete evidence regarding the advantages of administered environmental modifications in terms of improving the dietary pattern and nutritional state of the treated patients. However, prospective exploration of strategies highly warranted in the context of understanding their potential for impro ving the nutritional condition of the patients affected with dementia and its adverse mental manifestations. The randomized controlled trial by (Ngandu et al., 2015) attempted to investigate the advantages of the multidomain approaches attributing to cognitive training, dietary interventions, vascular risk monitoring and exercise strategies in terms of preventing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia among elderly patients. The findings of the study revealed the potential of these multidomain strategies for improving the cognitive functioning of the elderly individuals. This also confirms the effective contribution of dietary strategies for improving the mental health of the elderly patients who experience the risk of developing dementia across the community environment. However, prospective studies require execution in the context of exploring the potential of singly administered dietary interventions in improving the mental health status of the demented patients. Conclusion The findings of this literature research evidentially reveal the dietary factors that considerably elevate or decrease the predisposition of individuals towards the development of dementia and its associated mental manifestations. Important dietary constituents like vitamin B complex, vitamins E and C and omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids offer a protective role for the elderly people who experience high risk of developing the pattern of dementia across the community environment. The findings also advocate the requirement of implementing various lifestyle modification strategies including exercise interventions and dietary management approaches for stabilizing the metabolic condition of individuals affected with dementia symptoms. The nurse professionals and other members of the healthcare teams must administer evidence-based feeding interventions to maintain the nutritional status of demented patients in the context of treating their symptoms of memory impairment and cognitive de cline. Undernutrition among demented patients is a significant health concern requiring earliest intervention by nutritionists, physicians and nurses in the context of improving their health and wellness across the community environment. Healthcare professionals need to identify the attribution of the sustained nutritional deficits in the causation of dementia and its clinical manifestations among the predisposed individuals. The role of antioxidant defence mechanisms in improving the mental health status of individuals emphasized throughout the course of literature review. Furthermore, the dietary factors that adversely influence the mental health outcomes of demented patients emphasized and appropriate dietary interventions recommended accordingly for the effective enhancement of their cognition, learning and memory. The weight management as well as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia control strategies through nutritional interventions warranted in the context of decreasing the likelihood of elderly patients affected with BBBI towards the acquisition of dementia and its psychosocial manifestations. Indeed, the nutritional management strategies prove to be the significant tools in improving the mental health of the demented patients; however, the prospective research studies warranted for streamlining the integrated nutritional as well as pharmacotherapeutic approaches for reducing the burden of dementia across the community environment. References Asif, M., 2014. 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Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 11(5), pp.677-708. Solomon, A. et al., 2014. Advances in the prevention of Alzheimers disease and dementia. Journal of Internal Medicine, 275(3), pp.229-50. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390027/. Swaminathan, A. Jicha, G.A., 2014. Nutrition and prevention of Alzheimers dementia. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 6(282). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4202787/. Thaipisuttikul, P. Galvin, J.E., 2012. Use of medical foods and nutritional approaches in the treatment of Alzheimers disease. Clinical Practice, 9(2), pp.199-209. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3556480/. University_of_Oxford, 2007. Homocysteine, B vitamins, and the risk of dementia. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Available at: https://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/85/2/329.full. Volkert, D. et al., 2015. ESPEN guidelines on nutrition in dementia. 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Death Of Salesman And Willy Loman Essays (1537 words) -

Death Of Salesman And Willy Loman Compared with other Characters Literary Journalists have spent lots of time researching different characters in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman, and have focused primarily on Willy Loman, since he is the most complex character in the play. There have been many different theories about the relationship between him and the other characters of the play. Certain Journalists have gone beyond that point and have compared him with other characters. These comparisons allow the reader to see Willy from a different perspective, which also allows the reader to understand the position of Willy Loman. D. L. Hoeveler has explained Willy's standpoint to the other characters in Death of a Salesman as Psychomachia. From Milkman to Salesman: Glimpses of the Galut by Dan Vogel compares Willy to Tevye, another fictional character, while John S. Shockley has proved that Willy "shares a number of important traits with the most successful American politician of the late twentieth century, Ronald Reagan" (quote). All of these authors have tried to show and explain Willy Loman in a different perspective by comparing him to other characters. If one wants to understand a character in any sort of literature it is necessary to look at the other people who he/she has contact with. Hoeveler has analyzed Willy by looking at the other characters and has shown how they are affected by him during the play. According to Hoeveler, Willy "has forced his family to play the parts that he has designed for them. They are all characters in a dream, Willy's dream of reality" (634). All the characters in the play represent a certain trait, just as in the play Everyman, written in the late 15th century. The reader is shown that the individual characters "represent aspects of" Willy's "splintered mind" (632). Linda is a voice that guides and acts as a security for Willy. His son Biff represents the failure of Willy to achieve the American dream. Willy's other son, Happy, is a personification of "Willy's belief in success at any price" (635). Ben, Willy's brother, represents the dreams of financial success. Willy is easier to understand if one knows what he is. He is a man that has enforced his ideas unto his family and therefor has caused his personality to be divided among the other characters to an extent. The Requiem at the end of the play shows how all the characters are seemingly freed of Willy, "but each of the characters continues to embody the values that Willy demanded of them" (635). They are actually not free at all because they have become Willy. He is best explained when the deeds he has done to others is analyzed. This was what has been done first in order to get a better insight on how Willy thinks and acts towards the characters around him. One of the famous characters that Miller's Willy Loman has been compared to is Sholom Aleichem's creation, Tevye the milkman. This is a very rational comparison, which is discussed in Dan Vogel's article From Milkman to Salesman: Glimpses of the Galut, because it is easier to understand a character if another person is in almost the same situation. Willy Loman and Tevye are both heroes that have to deal with "life's debilitating existentialist ironies and insults" (174). The way they deal with their problems is not by brute force on a battle field. The difference is that Tevye is defeated with dignity whereas Willy chooses destruction. There is an obvious difference between the strength of characters. Both are salesman that have to deal with the bursting of their dreams. Tevye's daughters all end up doing something he does not approve. One commits suicide because of love, the eldest marries a tailor that dies young and the third one falls in love with an exiled Marxist. Tevye invests money in the stocks and ends up losing all his money. Willy, who is used to a wonderful life is confronted with apartment buildings all over the place, a car that can be thrown away, a son that has run away and a loss of his job. The real important differences and similarities between these two characters are noticeable when the reader looks at the way they both deal with these problems. Both have a major problem with self esteem. They are constantly in search of themselves. Tevye and Willy boast about themselves and then realize that they are no better then anyone else. This bothers them a lot. "Attention, attention must be finally paid to

Syria and United States conflict

Syria and United States conflict Introduction Syria has been engulfed in violent conflict since 2011. This conflict, which started with the protests to overthrow president Bashar al-Assad, continues to devastate the country to date. According to Al-Gharbi (2013), the conflict has led to the death of over 70,000 people and the internal displacement of around 2.5 million Syrians. The international community has tried to step in and devise a solution to the problem.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Syria and United States conflict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, there has been lack of agreement on how the conflict can be resolved. While most countries condemn the Assad regime, some continue to support the Syrian government. The US government has taken a stand against the Syrian government and called for the ouster of President Assad. Even so, the US has not been able to take proactive action to hasten the fall of al-Assad due to oppos ition from some major world powers including Russia and China. For this reason, Syria is the most immediate and difficult policy issue facing the Obama Administration today. This paper will analyze the Syrian conflict and its effects on the US. It will then offer some solutions to the problem and recommend measures that might lead to a resolution of the conflict. Impact of the Conflict The Syrian conflict has considerably reduced US influence in the Middle East. As the worlds superpower, Washington has demonstrated significant influence in many regions all over the world. The Middle East has been one of the regions where the US has shown some considerable authority. For example, it is a strong ally of the Saudi ruling family and it assisted in the toppling of the Libyan dictator, Muammar Gaddafi, in 2011. However, it has failed to take a bold step in the Syrian affair. This has resulted in a reduction in US influence due to the Obama administration’s inactivity. The US has re sisted direct military participation on behalf of the Syrian opposition forces and has shown great reluctance to supplying the opposition with weapons. Crowley (2013) observes that in spite of the fact that 70,000 people have already died in the Syrian conflict, President Obama has not taken any stringent action against the Assad regime. Instead, US involvement in the conflict has been limited to humanitarian aid. This US inaction has reduced US influence in the region and some analysis argue that it will lead to even less influence in a post-Assad Syria (Crowley, 2013). Regional powers such as Turkey and Iran have played the most visible role in the conflict. Turkey has supported the rebel forces and facilitated talks between the Syrian government and the Opposition. This has reinforced Turkey’s position in the region.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Syrian conflict has enlarged risks to US interests by increasing the presence of terrorist elements in the region. Before the conflict, the Syrian administration had a low tolerance to terrorist activities within the country’s boundaries. Using the security apparatus of the country, the Assad regime crushed any Islamic terrorist group that tried to establish itself in the country. The conflict in the country has led to unruliness in the country. Terrorist organizations have ceased this opportunity to operate in the country. Some of the factions of the Syrian opposition are affiliated with terrorist organizations such as Al-Qaeda. Crowley (2013) documents that there are a number of Islamists with direct links to terrorist networks fighting for the opposition in Syria. By providing funding and military assistance to the Syrian opposition, the international community is strengthening terrorist organizations that might in future attack US targets. Opposition forces in Syria have constantly called on the US to intervene militarily in the conflict. Opposition leaders are convinced that with US intervention, the Assad regime will be destroyed and the war will end. However, military intervention will be very costly for the US (Steele, 2012). Unlike in other countries where the US has intervened such as Libya, Syria has an advanced air defense system supplied by the Russians. Any US intervention would be met with a significant military action from the Syrian government. The Syrian and US conflict has blocked US efforts at nurturing a strategic partnership with Syria and Iran. Freeman and Quandt (2013) reveal that it has always been a main objective of US policy in the Middle East to establish a good relationship with Iran. Iran and Syria are two of the largest and most influential Muslim states in the region, making them important prospective strategic partners for Washington. The Syrian conflict has forced the US to take a side against the Syrian gov ernment and its Iranian allies. This has led to deterioration in the relationship between the US and these Middle East countries. Steele (2012) states that the US has tried to reduce Iranian influence in the Syrian affair. However, this has proved to be difficult, as Iran has continued to fund the Assad regime and provide it with the necessary military and economic support. This has been an unfavorable occurrence since Iran has publicly declared its opposition to the US and the country is constantly opposing US policy in the region. Resolving the Conflict The stability of the Middle East has been offset by the Syrian conflict. There are fears that if the conflict is prolonged, the region will become even more unstable as Syrian refugees move to neighboring countries and weapons are proliferated in the region. It is therefore in the best interest of the international community for the conflict to be resolved quickly. The US continues to show great commitment to the events taking plac e in Syria. The Obama administration is keen to see the Syrian crisis resolved effectively and as soon as possible. However, the current efforts have not led to an end to the conflict. The US can use a number of methods to resolve the conflict.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Syria and United States conflict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Washington should provide military aid to the opposition forces that are trying to overthrow the Assad regime. The rebel forces have so far shown great commitment to ending the Assad reign. However, these forces are poorly equipped and they have been unable to hold strategic positions against the well-equipped government forces. Haass (2013) agrees that while an armed intervention to end the fighting might lead to a large-scale civil war in the country, discrete military aid to opposition groups can help remove the current leadership without a potentially costly civil wa r outbreak in the country. Some advocates of peaceful negotiations argue that arming the opposition will jeopardize the peace talks. This is not necessarily the case since a militarily strong opposition will force the Assad regime to opt for negotiations since the government will realize that it cannot win the war through military force. The US should reach an agreement with Russia and Iran concerning the situation in Syria. While the conflict is going on among the Syrians, outside influence has been responsible for the prolonging of the conflict. The Syrian and US conflict is affected by the actions of countries that support the Syrian government. Specifically, the economic, political, and military support offered to the Assad regime by Russia and Iran has ensured that his government has been able to withstand rebel forces and international pressure. Russia has provided Syria with advanced weaponry making it hard for the US to consider an all out military offensive against al-Assad . If the US can convince Russia and Iran to seek a peaceful end to the conflict, Assad would be forced to listen to his two key allies. Conclusion This paper set out to analyze the Syrian and US conflict and propose some solutions to the problem. It began by highlighting the significance of the Syrian conflict and the role that the US is expected to play as a major world power. The Syrian conflict has reduced American influence in the region and promoted terrorist organizations due to the breakdown of the Syrian security apparatus. The conflict has also increased the influence that Iran has in the region and this is undesirable for US interests. The paper has recommended that the US should provide military aid to the opposition. This will encourage Assad to seek a diplomatic solution to the problem. In addition to this, the US can urge Russia and Iran to engage in cooperative efforts to end the conflict through diplomacy. By doing this, the Syrian conflict will end and US interests will be protected.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Al-Gharbi, M. (2013). Syria Contextualized: The Numbers Game. Middle East Policy, 20 (1), 56-67. Crowley, M. (2013). A War He Does not Want. Time, 181 (15), 13-14. Freeman, C., Quandt, W.B. (2013). US Grand Strategy in the Middle East: Is There One? Middle East Policy, 20 (1), 1-29. Haass, R. (2013). The Irony of American Strategy. Foreign Affairs, 92 (3), 57-67. Steele, J. (2012). A Way Out of Syrias Catastrophe. The Nation, 295 (16), 24-26.

Business Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Managment - Essay Example In this way, we can examine applications in the business context, thus drawing conclusions about their roles in strategy. Strategic ethics "comprises principles and standards that guide behaviour in the world of business" Ferrell and Fraedrich (2000:6). Social responsibility on the other hand is the obligation a business assumes toward society. Jennings (2003:6) defines these responsibilities as being economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic. A business' economic responsibilities are to produce goods and services that society needs and wants at a price that can perpetrate the business and satisfy its obligation to investors. The legal responsibilities are the laws that they must obey. Ethical responsibilities are defined as behaviours or activities that are expected of business by society but are not codified in law. Philanthropic responsibilities are those behaviours and activities that society desires and business values dictate. Social responsibility then can be viewed as a contract with society, whereas business ethics involves carefully thought out rules of business organizational conduct that guide decision making. Business ethics relates to rules and principles that guide individual and work group decisions, whereas social responsibility concerns the effect of organizational decisions on society. When a corporation's values and ethics support its strategy, the company's stability and success i

Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comparison - Essay Example Deforestation has been an ongoing process on this planet from time immoral. The transformation of forested lands by human activities is one of the major reasons for global environmental change and biodiversity loss. There are several reasons for which forest and its natural resources are exploited and overexploited. Forests are cleared, degraded and fragmented by timber harvest, conversion to agriculture, road-building, human-caused fire, and in numerous other ways. Deforestation is a local problem that can have global consequences and is a treat to human civilization. This paper compares the impact of deforestation in China and Amazon. Economic growth and environmental degradation continues to coexist in China. This has resulted in unsustainable rates of deforestation, high levels of air pollution, and low levels of water quality and quantity (Siciliano, 2006). Deforestation in China has not been a recent issue it had started with the expanding agricultural activities to support human life. Robert Marks in his book entitled Tigers, Rice, Silk, and Silt examines the correlations between economic and environmental changes in the southern imperial Chinese provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi (a region historically known as Lingnan, "South of the Mountains") from 1400 to 1850. Marks in-depth analysis show the impact of population growth on land use patterns, the agro-ecology, and deforestation; the commercialization of agriculture and its implications; the impact of climatic change on agriculture; and the ways in which the human population responded to environmental challenges (Marks, 1998). Earliest history of agricultural activities in Lingnan shows that this region was known for the cultivation of sweet potatoes till the end of seventeenth century. Planting sweet potato required no fertilizers and less labor and could be planted in the hilly, sandy

How technology has affected you as a translator Essay

How technology has affected you as a translator - Essay Example The work can easily be sent and received across the cultural and natural borders. The translator may work for its clients from anywhere in the world. The market for the translator is not just limited to their own city or country. However translation is still considered to be a service whose dependence is based on high degree of trust between the translators and their clients. The translator may receive his high pay work mostly from the unseen clients living across the borders, as fees paid to the translators in different countries may vary, however the translators still believe that the best clients are made face to face. Technology has made the distribution of the large translation jobs quite easy between the intermediaries. Suppose if the client wants to market its product in 15 other languages, they would simply hire a marketing company. It is the job of the marketing firm to hire different brokers who then assign this job to a number of translation companies that further allocate the task to the translators that are often are freelancers. In such a case the company is usually paying at least three times more of what the freelance translator receives. However if the company directly assign the task to any freelancer then it be an advantage for the company as well as the freelance translator, as the company will be paying less for the same job and the translator will be receiving more. Technology has played a significant role in increasing the benefits for the translators; however the various consequences of the electronic communication have also increased the security risk. Translators are usually working on the material that is out of the public domain. This is what makes trust such an important factor in this business. Therefore while sending and receiving a file the translator must be aware of secure FTP, various forms of zipping and of encoding. There is no

Policy Making Processes in South Africa

Policy Making Processes in South Africa The National Government is accountable to the law making process regarding the rights and commitments of its citizens and delivery of services. The Constitution of South Africa provides in Section 43, three spheres of government in South Africa, namely, the National Government, Provincial Government and Local Government. In Section 40(1) of the Constitution it states that these spheres of government are distinctive, inter-related and inter-dependent. All three areas work under the Constitution as well as the laws and policies created by Parliament. Elected members sanction policies and laws as well as supervise the work of the departments. The department and public services are liable for the work delegated by government and are accountable to the Executive. In the Provincial Legislature, the Premier and Executive Council is responsible for the managerial executive and the administration is done by the Heads of Department and their staff. The local government or council are managed b y the Mayor and the Mayoral Committee and the administration is taken care of by the Municipal Manager, Heads of Department and their staff. The law making process The National Legislature is the authority that passes new laws, amend existing laws or repeal old laws. This same power exists for provincial legislatures in making provincial laws and municipal laws in respect of municipal by –laws. The process is as follow: Firstly, a draft bill is drawn up by the MEC, MPL or the standing committee. This is then published in the provincial gazette as well as other papers to notify the public. The public has 14 days to respond to the proposed drat. If there were any public comment, the department will make the changes. Secondly, the speaker will introduce the proposed Bill to the legislature. Thirdly, the legislature committee debates the bill. Public hearings can be hold and if there are any changes to the draft, it is referred back to the legislature. Fourthly, the Legislature debates the bill and a vote is then passed. The Bill is passed once a majority vote is in favour. If not, the Bill is rejected. Fifthly, the Premier of the Province signs the Bill into an Act. Lastly, the Act is published in the Provincial Government Gazette. The Role of the NCOP When a Bill is passed by the National Assembly it is given a number and referred to the National Council of Provinces (NCOP). The Bill is subject to the amendment proposed or rejected by the Council. The NCOP first needs to distinguished if the Bill contains issues that affects provinces (Section 76 Bill) or contains issues that do not affect the provinces (Section 75 Bill). If the Bill contains issues affecting provinces (Section 76 Bill) Members of the Select Committee approach their own provinces to review the Bill. Each provincial legislature gives a provincial mandate to make changes or leave it as it stands. Provincial representatives report back to the NCOP on their provincial decision. Then the selected committee negotiates the final version of the Bill, to report their decision or suggested changes to the NCOP. The NCOP considers the report, vote on the Bill and each province has a vote. It there are any proposed changes to the Bill, the NCOP refers it back to the National Assembly for approval. If the Bill contains issues that do not affect the provinces (Section 75 Bill) The NCOP considers the Bill, can either accept, reject or propose changes by the Select Committee. Each member of the NCOP votes according to their party decision. If the NCOP makes any changes to the Bill, it is then referred back again to the National Assembly for approval. If there are still differences in the agreement of the Bill, it can follow a mediation process. If this fails, the National Assembly can refer the Bill (Section 76 Bill) to the president to obtain a two thirds majority. If this does not happen the Bill falls away Once both houses accepts the final version of the Bill, it is then send to the President to be signed into an Act and law and then published in the Gazette. Once a law has been passed by the National Parliament it is up to the Provincial and Local Government on the implementation thereof The Role, Powers and Function of the Local Government in law-making According to Section 156(2) of the Constitution: â€Å"A municipality may make and administer by-laws for the effective administration of the matters which it has the right to administer†. The elected members to the municipality decide on the policies and by-laws for their area that needs to be approved and executed by law. The executive committee of the local council is accountable to present the by-laws. A by-law can only be passed if a majority vote in the municipal council was achieved, all members received reasonable notice and it was published in to elicit public comment. It must be understandable to the public. A by-law can only be imposed if it was published in the provincial gazette. Municipalities can prepare by-laws on matters that refer to Schedule 4B and Schedule 5B of the Constitution which gives Local Government the power to create and pass laws. Municipalities can also make laws on issues allocated by the National or Provincial Government. These issues depend on the category of the municipality to make these by-laws. A category ‘A’ municipality is referred to as a metropolitan municipality, a category ‘B† municipality is identified as a local municipality and a category ‘C’ is known as a district municipality. A metropolitan municipality makes by-laws on all affairs as listed per Schedule 4B and 5B of the Constitution and has the ability to make by-laws delegated by the Provincial or National Government. These affairs include by-laws affecting for example, air pollution, building regulations, local tourism and municipal planning, to name a few. These affairs are identified as Schedule 4B affairs. By-laws with regards to Schedule 5B is affairs that include display of billboards, keeping of cemeteries, licensing of dogs, markets and local abattoirs, to name a few. Local and district municipalities share the power to create by-laws. This has been controlled by the Municipal Structures Act. Section 84(1) of the Municipal Structures Act, states the powers and functions of the district municipality and obtained from Schedule 4B and Schedule 5B of the Constitution. According to Section 84(2) of the Municipal Structures Act, the local municipality has authority over all other local government matters not mentioned in section 84(1) in its jurisdiction. Examples are for instance on air pollution which is a Schedule 4B competency. A district municipality under section 84(1) has no power but the local municipality under section 84(2) has full power in the area of jurisdiction. The district municipality has no powers under Section 84(1) with regards to beaches and amusement facilities under Schedule 5B, but the local municipality under section 84(2) has full powers in the area of jurisdiction. THE ROLE, POWERS AND FUNCTION OF THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT IN LAW MAKING All nine provinces have their own legislature ranging from 30 up to 80 members depending on the number of votes received by the political party. The provincial legislature is accountable for making and passing laws for its province. The provincial government tables provincial Bills under Schedule 5B of the Constitution. These Bills must be accepted by the executive council and then published in the Provincial Gazette for public commentary. The provincial laws requires two thirds majority of the vote and are only operative in that specific province. An example is the ban on cell phones while driving in the Western Cape. A Bill is presented by the Speaker of the provincial legislature. The Standing Committee can invite public hearing and after consultation send a report to the provincial legislature. A vote is taken after the debate and the legislation is passed when a majority vote has reached. The Premier of the province has to sign the Bill into law. The Act then gets published and takes effect on the determined date. Provincial laws can be changed or interceded by Parliament if they challenge the interest of national or other provincial governments. According to the Constitution, provinces can have legislative and executive powers simultaneously with the national government over areas such as agriculture, cultural affairs, environmental issue, health services etc. Also, provinces has absolute proficiency over areas such as ambulance services, liquor licenses, provincial roads, planning and cultural matters

Shakespeares Sonnets :: William Shakespeare

There has been some dispute whether or not the sonnets are actually written by William Shakespeare, the strongest argument for this is the phrase "BY.OVR.EVERLIVING.POET.", in which some, the most notable being the entertainment lawyer and author Bertram Fields, argue that this would mean the author would be dead by 1609, while William Shakespeare lived until 1616.[1] The 154 poems were most likely written over a period of several years and published in the 1609 collection. These were all in sonnet form and previously unpublished, with the exception of poem number 138 and 144 which had been part of The Passionate Pilgrim, released in 1599. Sonnets 18-126 tell the story of young man and the poet's admiration and love for him, while 127-152 are addressed to the poet's mistress. In this essay we will look at sonnets 18, 116 and 130 and what they say about love, and see if they share similarities with each other.[2] Sonnet XVIII (18) Sonnet 18 speaks of love in its purest form; it is obvious that the author has great admiration for the person the sonnet is addressed to, giving the subject an almost god-like and eternal status. If we look at the two first lines: "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate:". It is clear that he cannot use a summer's day as a comparison, because the person is better than a summer's day. He goes on to explain how a summer's day is not perfect, saying that: "Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May" and "And summer's lease hath all to short a date". This is believed to mean that even a summer's day has its faults, in the start of summer there can be rough storms that distort the beauty of darling buds and summer does not last for ever. At the end of the sonnet there are some very important lines, which speak of eternal life and beauty: â€Å"But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st, nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade† This can be seen as a promise that he will never die and be forgotten, nor will he lose the beauty which he owns. The last line could be a biblical reference â€Å"Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death I will fear no evil: for thou art with me†[3], even though death has taken him, his beauty will glow like a beacon and light up any shade death may have cast upon him, thus giving eternal life.

Cerjugo SA

Per capita beer consumption in the country had been stable for many years. In order to find new opportunities for growth, Courage management decided to expand their product lines into juices. They recognized early on that the juice business was very different from that of beer. In beer, there was little competition and profit margins were high, close to 40 percent. The profit margins for juice would be much lower and there were a number of competitors but they felt they could create a competitive advantage by (1) sousing on â€Å"freshness,† I. E. All natural ingredients; (2) by leveraging their deep knowledge of their consumers; and (3) by capitalizing on an already strong retail customer base, which would triple as a result of adding juice products. The Organizational Structure The president of Courage is Manuel Preparer. He currently has three key executives reporting to him: Jose Gunman, Felid Razor, and Maria Santiago. Jose is the director of Production; Felid is the vice president of Sales, Marketing and Distribution; and Maria is the director of Finance and Administration. Each executive worked closely with Manuel and are involved in all major company decisions. The country is not named to protect the anonymity of the company on which this case is based. At the time of the expansion into juice, a new $50 million production facility was built across the street from the current juice plant. Organizationally, management assumed that the manufacturing, sales, and distribution of the new product lines could be fitted into the existing structure by adding new positions and employees. They added a production manager of juice manufacturing, juice production providers and employees, additional sales supervisors, and over 900 salespeople.Existing salespeople were trained to sell the new juice products in addition to the beer products that they were used to, and the sales compensation plan was modified so that a higher percentage of the pay would be variable based on total beer and juice revenues. We focus on Grouse's two main divisions: the production division and the sales, marketing, and distribution division. Until a few years ago, the executive team had worked very well together with few major difficulties. The Production Division: Jose GunmanJose Gunman, the director of production, has four senior managers reporting to him: Carols Mange, manager, beer manufacturing Dolores Abide, quality control manager; Antonio Ben, the production planning manager; and George Nevada, manager, juice manufacturing. Carols, Dolores, and Antonio have all been with Courage for the past 15 years. George was hired two years ago when Courage moved into the juice business. George is Harvard educated and had extensive experience in the juice business in North America before accepting Manual's offer to join Courage.The production division has a strict research with many layers of management. Front-line employees such as assemblers and maintenance staff rep ort to team leaders, who report to plant supervisors. Plant supervisors report to either Carols or George. The jobs in the production division are highly specialized. Formal procedures have been documented and all new employees go through extensive training so that quality standards, safety standards, and efficiencies are maintained. The Sales, Marketing and Distribution Division: Felid Razor Felid Razor, the vice president of Sales, Marketing and Distribution, has beenManual's second-in-command for many years. He is in charge of four departments, each headed up by a senior manager. These departments are distribution, trade marketing, market research, and sales. The sales department, which has 1400 employees, is further divided into urban sales and rural sales, and there are 13 rural sales managers reporting to the head of rural sales. Each sales representative serves a territory that usually consists of both licensed and non-licensed establishments. They supply retailers with produ ct information and storefront displays.They also offer discounts and promotions, where appropriate, in an attempt to win limited retailer shelf space. A partial organization chart is shown in Exhibit A. The Current Situation Manuel is very concerned since the forecasted sales and profit targets for the juice business have not been met for the second year in a row. Perceptions in the market are that Courage juice is not of a high quality, and consumers do not appear to be aware of the degree of â€Å"freshness† in the products. In addition, the sales force does not seem to fully understand the juice product attributes and tends to focus on selling beer rather than juice products.Turnover in the sales force has increased dramatically and there has been a great deal of in-fighting between Jose, Felid, and Maria. They always seem to be at opposing ends of an issue and Manuel has to make decisions that inevitably angers one or other of them. The last straw came yesterday when Manu el heard rumors that George Nevada, his Harvard-educated manager Of juice manufacturing, had received another job offer and was planning to resign. Last week, Manuel individually asked Felid and Jose to give him their suggestions for how to improve the juice business.Joke's response was as follows: â€Å"We need to continue to improve efficiencies, keep production and inventory costs to a minimum, and maintain a consistent and high-quality product. Have been doing this successfully for a very long time and I know that the most important success factors are to reduce changeover times on the bottling lines, keep my line capacities to a maximum, my inventory and storage costs down, and the shelf-life of my ingredients up. On the people side, the key to my success has been to have clear rules and work procedures o that we can keep errors and waste to a minimum.What need to do now is the following: (1) Replace the natural vitamin C extract with artificial ascorbic acid. This will increa se the shelf-life of the juices, which will increase its profitability. (2) Eliminate the mill packaging size. This will reduce the changeover times on the line and reduce our costs of production. † Felid's response was as follows: ‘We need to create more customer demand and strengthen our competitive advantage. I have been doing this for a very long time and I haven't let you down yet. We do not have enough variety in either our flavors or our bottle sizes.Juice retailers and consumers are different from Our beer customers. Our competitive advantage in this market is ‘freshness. ‘ That is our niche. What we need to do now is the following: (1 ) We currently have only two bottle sizes (mill and mill). We need to introduce mill and 1. ALL bottle sizes in order to be able to compete with the other players in the market. While these are unique sizes and packaging formats, they are essential to building the unique image of our brand. (2) We currently have only 12 juice flavors.

Analysis and Summary of essays

Analysis and Summary of essays The First of the trilogy, The Lord of the Rings, the Fellowship of the Ring introduces the reader once again to the world of Middle Earth and all of the magical characters which the writer, J.R.R. Tolkien created. Bilbo Baggins returns, celebrating his 111th birthday, along with Grandalf and the various species of hobbits, elves and other magical creatures. The reader is introduced to Frodo Baggins, Bilbos nephew and heir to Bilbos fortune, and his various friends and counterparts. And again, at the center of the entire fiasco, is the Ring, the symbol of power and control, the one ring to rule all. As in all trilogies, the first edition is marked with the beginning of the story, the introduction of the characters, the building of the plot, and the overall dynamics and underlining of the tale. In this story, the reader is exposed to the moral development of the main character, Frodo Baggins. In much the same way as the human race faces moral corruption and destruction on a dail y basis, the Fellowship of the Ring introduces the Reader to one hobbits personal struggle with overcoming temptation and weakness. The story presented in this book serves the purpose of teacher the reader something about him or herself, or humanity as a whole. By exploring the development of the character of Frodo, as well as dissecting the decisions and difficult situations which Frodo encounters, and finally observing the overall indication of morality on life, it is possible to identify how Tolkien not only entertains through the first of his trilogy, but also enters in important ideas on existance as an entirety. Tolkien created hobbits to be half the size of normal humans. He also created them with half the moral corruption, and twice the heart. A hobbit is a peaceful creature, content with normality and sameness. The typical hobbit never travels far from home, and enjoys repeating most activities every day, through the s...

Detailed Instructions on How to Write a Term Paper and Get Good Grades

Detailed Instructions on How to Write a Term Paper and Get Good Grades Before delving into how to write a term paper, you should define the key objectives and meaning of this academic assignment. What is a term paper? All students need to submit it at the end of their course or semester to let teachers evaluate their knowledge. It’s a discussion of a specific topic or a scientific report that requires a lot of technical writing expertise and research. How to earn good grades? Ensure that this written assignment is analytical, correct, clear, interesting while reflecting your knowledge of a specific course. It also needs to follow your assigned formatting style. What is a term paper? This common assignment is an analytical and critical report on the subject covered within your specific course of studies. What is a term paper? It should include your own ideas about a given topic and demonstrate your understanding of relevant literature if you want to impress each reader. What is the main goal of writing a term paper? It summarizes the material you know while showcasing your understanding of a particular issue, and this is what makes it an effective tool for assessing proficiency. GET PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE NOW! How to make an outline? To understand how to write an outline for a term paper, keep in mind that it serves as a roadmap or basis for your work. There are different templates to choose from, but most instructors require students to follow a specific format for this academic assignment. A general outline contains body, concluding, introductory paragraphs. How to choose good topics? Some teachers provide relevant topics, while others give you freedom to make this choice, and you should look for a brilliant idea. Write down all the thoughts that come into your mind in your own words to brainstorm interesting original topics. Read articles, magazines, and other sources to get great suggestions. It will take time to search for available ideas online. The chosen topic should meet the objectives of your course and be interesting to you to make the entire process easier more fun. Things to consider when choosing a topic Consider the length of your essay (whether it should be 3 or 5-pages long) to decide how broad your subject should be); Ensure that you can explain it, no matter its complexity; Check your local library for useful resources to gather enough information on the chosen topic. How to start? If you don’t know how to write a history term paper, follow given instructions ask teachers for any clarifications before you start your research. Waiting until the last minute is a bad idea. If you’re eager to receive high grades for your written work, plan everything ahead and set a realistic schedule. Creating a creative compelling title is a good way to start. It’s the first impression that your essay will make on targeted readers, and you should ensure that it can capture their attention. ORDER TERM PAPER Structure all paragraphs correctly Stick to a correct structure when organizing all ideas and follow this layout: Cover page with your course number, name, teacher’s data, and deadline date; Abstract to describe the main purpose of your paper and inform readers why its subject is important and interesting; Introduction that starts with a thesis statement highlights the significance of your issue; Body with a synthesis of your research information that lets readers further understand you’re your discussion; Results to explain the outcomes of your research; Discussion with a summary of your subject in question; Conclusion to wrap up your paper by prompting readers to continue their research or stating an open question; A list of your used sources. Why edit and proofread a final draft? Read a rough draft to analyze if it really captures the essence of your idea contains no grammar, punctuation, or other mistakes. Ask others to help you ensure that your final draft is unique meets the necessary requirements of teachers. What if you need professional assistance? If after reading all the above-mentioned guidelines, you still don’t understand how to write a term paper, turn to our qualified and skillful experts. Order our custom writing services online and you’ll get a high quality other benefits that we guarantee to all customers at affordable rates. Your helping hand is only a few clicks away.